光(guang)纖直(zhi)放站是使(shi)用光(guang)纖進行信號傳(chuan)輸的直(zhi)放站。光(guang)纖的使(shi)用具(ju)有傳(chuan)輸損耗低，布線方便，適合遠距離傳(chuan)輸的特點。

由于無線傳輸的(de)(de)(de)陰影(ying)效(xiao)應(ying)，移動通信信號(hao)的(de)(de)(de)盲區(qu)(qu)或(huo)弱區(qu)(qu)經常形成在這些高(gao)層(ceng)建(jian)筑物的(de)(de)(de)后(hou)面或(huo)中(zhong)(zhong)間。在蜂窩移動基站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，由于相鄰(lin)小區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)干擾問題，天線輻射場方向(xiang)圖的(de)(de)(de)主瓣具有大的(de)(de)(de)下(xia)傾角，因此，高(gao)層(ceng)建(jian)筑物的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)上部無法接收信號(hao)。這就是(shi)研究光(guang)纖直放站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因。

光纖直放站主要由光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)近端機(ji)(ji)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)遠端機(ji)(ji)（覆蓋(gai)單(dan)元(yuan)）組成(cheng)。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)近端機(ji)(ji)器和(he)(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)遠端機(ji)(ji)器都包括射頻單(dan)元(yuan)和(he)(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)單(dan)元(yuan)。無線信(xin)(xin)(xin)號從基站耦(ou)合后，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)轉(zhuan)換進入光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)端機(ji)(ji)，將電(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號轉(zhuan)換為(wei)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號，從光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)端機(ji)(ji)到(dao)(dao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)，再經過(guo)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)傳輸到(dao)(dao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)遠程機(ji)(ji)器。信(xin)(xin)(xin)號被轉(zhuan)換為(wei)電(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號，并進入射頻單(dan)元(yuan)進行(xing)(xing)放大。信(xin)(xin)(xin)號放大后，將其發(fa)送到(dao)(dao)發(fa)射天線以覆蓋(gai)目標(biao)區域。上行(xing)(xing)鏈(lian)路的(de)工(gong)作原理相(xiang)同。手機(ji)(ji)發(fa)送的(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號通(tong)(tong)過(guo)接收天線到(dao)(dao)達光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)遠端機(ji)(ji)，然后到(dao)(dao)達近端機(ji)(ji)，然后返回光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)直放站。

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